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Annotated
Checklist of
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| Erichius franzae (Weinreich) Photo by M.J. Paulsen. |
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The stag beetle family Lucanidae includes four subfamilies, 108 genera and around 1500 species worldwide (Benesh 1960; Maes 1992). In the New World there are 41 genera and 239 species with representatives of each of the four subfamilies. Most New World taxa are Neotropical; in the Nearctic region there are only 33 species in seven genera (Paulsen 2017). The genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse, with five species, occurs in Hawaii (Paulsen & Hawks 2014).Traditionally, the family has been characterized as small to quite large (3-100 mm), hornless beetles possessing enlarged male mandibles and elbowed, clubbed antennae. The antennae are often stated to have an elongate first segment, and club segments that cannot be closed tightly together (White 1983; Lawrence and Britton 1991; Triplehorn and Johnson 2005).
However, there are taxa that resist all attempts to neatly characterize the family. In some species, the mandibles of the male and female are of similar size and are indistinguishable. Only one subfamily (Lucaninae) possesses antennae that are elbowed. In some aesalines, the first antennal segment is not elongated, and the antennal club segments can be closed (if loosely), prompting some authors to treat them as members of the Trogidae (Scarabaeoidea e.g., Kikuta 1986). Still other aesalines have barely asymmetrical clubs. Additionally, males of the genus Sinodendron (Syndesinae) possess both a clypeal horn and a horn-like pronotal tubercle.
Exceptions aside, almost all stag beetles possess 10-segmented antennae, with the distal 3-7 segments elongated asymmetrically into a serrate, lamellate, or flabellate club that cannot be closed tightly as in many other scarabaeoids. Despite the difficulty in characterizing them, many stag beetles are immediately recognizable and are frequently collected. Their popularity with collectors has probably led to an excess of generic, specific, and subspecific names. Yet, little comprehensive taxonomic work has been conducted on the family, and revisions and keys are needed for most genera. Currently, the only available method for identifying many species is a richly illustrated picture book (Fujita 2010), although it contains numerous misidentifications of the New World fauna and should be used with care.
The higher-level classification of the family is in need of rigorous study. The number of recognized subfamilies has varied greatly (Didier and Séguy 195; Benesh 1960; Howden and Lawrence 1974). Subfamilial placement in this checklist follows the work of Holloway (1960, 1968, 1969, 1997, 1998). The classification of the family at the tribal level is ongoing and recent changes are incorporated below (Paulsen 2010). As noted by Smith (2006), numerous tribal names in the Lucanidae were not formed correctly according to ICZN Article 13.1 (first used after 1930 but not accompanied by a description or definition) and are not available names. These include: Aegini (Maes 1992b), Allotopini (Maes 1992a), Casignetini (Maes 1992b), Chalcodinae (Didier and Séguy 1953, Lacroix 1979), Colophonini (Maes 1992b), Cyclommatini (Maes 1992a), Homoderini (Maes 1992b), Neoprosopocoilini (Maes 1992b) (which is also permanently invalid because it is not based on an available generic name), Nigidiini (Benesh 1960), Prosopocoilini (Benesh 1960), Pseudodorcini (Benesh 1960), and Rhyssonotini (Benesh 1960).
For utility and completeness, known errors in use of authorship, spelling, homonymy, and synonymy are being continued in this list because the appropriate corrections have not yet been published. Select a genus in the table below, or scroll down to view the entire checklist.
| AESALINAE |
SYNDESINAE |
LAMPRIMINAE |
||
New World Lucanidae
| AESALINAE MacLeay 1819: 102 | |||||
| AESALINI MacLeay 1819: 102 | |||||
Lucanobium Howden & Lawrence 1974: 1507  |
|||||
| Lucanobium
guianense Paulsen 2011: 2 |
French Guiana | ||||
| Lucanobium
squamosum Howden & Lawrence 1974: 1508 |
Venezuela | ||||
| Trogellus Paulsen 2013: 6 |
|||||
| Trogellus catrachitus Paulsen 2013: 16 |
Honduras | ||||
| Trogellus chapinitus Paulsen 2013: 11 |
Guatemala, Honduras | ||||
| Trogellus hawksi Paulsen 2013: 12 |
Guatemala, Mexico | ||||
| Trogellus herrmanni Paulsen 2013: 7 |
Costa Rica, Panama | ||||
| Trogellus maesi Paulsen 2013: 13 |
Nicaragua | ||||
| Trogellus narizotus Paulsen 2013: 16 |
Guatemala | ||||
| Trogellus
neotropicalis (Bates 1886: 2) |
Guatemala | ||||
| Trogellus ticiticus Paulsen 2013: 16 |
Costa Rica | ||||
| Trogellus trajectus Paulsen 2018: 1 |
Panama | ||||
| Trogellus trifinius Paulsen 2013: 17 |
El Salvador | ||||
| Trogellus
trogoides (Albers 1883: 228) |
Mexico | ||||
| syn. Aesalus smithi Bates 1889: 382 | |||||
| CERATOGNATHINI Sharp 1899: 194 | |||||
| Hilophyllus
Paulsen & Mondaca 2006: 6 |
|||||
|
Hilophyllus argentinensis (Martínez 1981: 13)
(Ceratognathus) |
Argentina, Chile | ||||
| Hilophyllus
martinezi Paulsen & Mondaca 2006: 16 |
Chile | ||||
| Hilophyllus
penai (Martínez 1976: 101) (Ceratognathus) |
Chile | ||||
| NICAGINI LeConte 1861: 130 | |||||
| Nicagus
LeConte 1861:130 |
|||||
| Nicagus
obscurus (LeConte 1848: 86) (Ochodaeus) |
Eastern USA, Canada | ||||
| Nicagus
occultus Paulsen & Smith 2005: 48 |
Western USA: TX | ||||
| SYNDESINAE MacLeay 1819: 103 | |||||
| CERUCHINI Jacquelin du Val & Fairmaire 1859: 4 | |||||
| Ceruchus
MacLeay 1819: 115 |
|||||
| syn. Tarandus Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| Ceruchus
piceus (Weber 1801: 84) (Lucanus) |
Eastern North America | ||||
| syn. Platycerus balbi Laporte 1840: 174 | |||||
| syn. C. virginiensis Casey 1914: 372 | |||||
| nom. nud. Tarandus americanus Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| nom. nud. C. frontosus Knoch in Burmeister 1847: 329 | |||||
| nom. nud. C.quercicola Melsheimer in Sturm 1843: 136 | |||||
| Ceruchus
punctatus LeConte 1869: 377 |
Western USA, Canada | ||||
| Ceruchus
striatus LeConte 1859: 85 |
Western USA, Canada | ||||
| SINODENDRINI Mulsant 1842: 600 | |||||
| Sinodendron Hellwig 1792: 391 |
|||||
| Sinodendron
rugosum Mannerheim 1843: 262 |
Western USA, Canada | ||||
| SYNDESINI MacLeay 1819: 103 | |||||
| Psilodon Perty 1830:
53 |
|||||
| syn. Hexaphyllum Gray 1832: 536 | |||||
| Psilodon
aequinoctiale (Buquet 1840: 375) (Hexaphyllum) |
Colombia | ||||
| syn. H. westwoodi Hope 1840: 11 | |||||
| Psilodon buhrnheimi Grossi & Aguiar 2014: 84 |
Brazil (Amazonas) | ||||
| Psilodon gilberti Boucher 1993: 422 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Psilodon luki (Onore, Bartolozzi, and Zilioli 2011: 43) |
Ecuador (Pichincha) | ||||
| Psilodon paschoali Pardo-Locarno & Ríos-Málaver 2012: 247 | Colombia | ||||
| Psilodon schuberti Perty 1830: 54 | Argentina, Brazil | ||||
| syn. H. brasiliense Gray 1832: 536 | |||||
| Psilodon
seguyi (Didier 1929: 109) (Hexaphyllum) |
Ecuador (Loja) | ||||
| Psilodon xerophilicum Martinez & Reyes-Castillo 1985: 109 | Brazil (Bahia) | ||||
| LAMPRIMINAE Macleay 1819: 97 | |||||
| LAMPRIMINI MacLeay 1819: 97 | |||||
| syn. Streptocerini Kikuta 1986: 131 | |||||
| Streptocerus
Dejean 1833:
174 |
|||||
| Streptocerus
speciosus Fairmaire 1850: 55 |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| nom. nud. S. speciosus Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| syn. S. dejeani Solier 1851:44 | |||||
| syn. S. eusticticus Philippi 1864:316 | |||||
| syn. S. speciosus regius Kriesche 1922:118 | |||||
| LUCANINAE Latreille 1804: 149 | |||||
| CASIGNETINI Reid 1999: 176 | |||||
| syn. Pholidotini Kikuta 1986: 131 (invalid) | |||||
| Casignetus MacLeay 1819:
98 |
|||||
| syn. Pholidotus MacLeay 1819: 97; not Pholidotus Brisson, 1762 | |||||
| syn. Chalcimon Dalman 1824: 1 | |||||
| Casignetus humboldti (Gyllenhal in Schönherr 1817: 197) (Lamprima) | Brazil | ||||
| syn. Pholidotus lepidosus MacLeay 1819: 97 | |||||
| syn. C. geotrupoides MacLeay 1819: 98 | |||||
| Casignetus lindei (Boileau 1899b: 296) (Pholidotus) | Brazil | ||||
| syn. Pholidotus lombardi Didier & Seguy 1952: 220 | |||||
| Casignetus spixi (Perty 1830: 54) (Chalcimon) | Brazil | ||||
| CHIASOGNATHINI Burmeister 1847: 334 | |||||
| Chiasognathus Stephens 1832:
213 |
|||||
| syn. Tetropthalma Lesson 1833: 5 | |||||
| syn. Bomansodus Chalumeau & Brochier 1995: 20 | |||||
| syn. Carmenia Molino-Olmedo 2001: 85 | |||||
| syn. Ramirezia Molino-Olmedo 2001: 85 | |||||
| syn. Carmeniella Molino-Olmedo 2003: 29 | |||||
| syn. Ramireziella Molino-Olmedo 2003: 29 | |||||
| Chiasognathus
beneshi Lacroix 1978: 250 |
Chile | ||||
| Chiasognathus
grantii Stephens 1832: 214 |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. Tetropthalma chiloensis Lesson 1833: 6 | |||||
| syn. C. affinis R. Philippi in F. Philippi 1859: 658 | |||||
| nom. nud. C. brevidens Germain 1911: 47 | |||||
| syn. C. pygmaeus Dallas 1933: 74 | |||||
| syn. C. grantii holometallicus Rataj 2012: 34 (including unavailable 'varieties' loc. cit.) | |||||
| Chiasognathus
impubis Parry 1870: 68 |
Chile | ||||
| Chiasognathus
jousselinii Reiche 1850: 259 |
Chile | ||||
| Chiasognathus
latreillei Solier 1851: 42 |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. C. imberbis R. Philippi in F. Philippi 1859: 657 | |||||
| syn. C. reichei Thomson 1862: 407 | |||||
| Chiasognathus
mniszechii Thomson 1862: 406 |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. C. schoenemanni Kriesche 1919: 94 | |||||
| Chiasognathus
sombrus Paulsen & Smith 2010: 56 |
Chile | ||||
| Sphaenognathus Buquet 1838:
104 |
|||||
| nom. nud. Orthognatus Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| nom. nud. Orthognathus Dejean 1837: 193 | |||||
| syn. Chiasognathinus Didier in Didier & Séguy 1953: 24 | |||||
| syn. Sphaenognathinus Chalumeau & Brochier 1995: 20 | |||||
| syn. Chiasornithodus Chalumeau & Brochier 1995: 20 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
alticollis Möllenkamp 1912: 302 |
Peru, Ecuador | ||||
| syn. S. matheusi Bartolozzi, Bomans, & Onore 1992:211 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus armatus Parry 1872: 73 | Colombia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus bellicosus Boileau 1904: 277 | Colombia | ||||
| syn. S. rehni Moxley 1962: 199 | |||||
| syn. S. colombiensis Moxley 1962: 202 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
bordoni Brochier & Chalumeau 2000: 253 |
Colombia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
curvipes Benesh 1948: 45 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
feisthamelii (Guérin-Méneville 1838: 287) (Chiasognathus) |
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela | ||||
| syn. S. circumflexus Parry 1874: 367 | |||||
| syn. S. canaliculatus Parry 1874: 368 | |||||
| syn. S. boileaui Lacroix 1969: 587 | |||||
| syn. S. villiersi Lacroix 1969: 589 | |||||
| syn. S. subtilis Lacroix 1987: 13 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
furumii Lacroix 1990: 11 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus garleppi Boileau 1899a: 196 | Bolivia | ||||
| syn. S. manifestus Jakowleff 1901: 176 | |||||
| syn. S. inca Kreische 1922: 116 | |||||
| syn. S. cartereti Lacroix 1987: 11 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
gaujoni (Oberthür 1885: 118) (Chiasognathus) |
Ecuador, Peru | ||||
| syn. S. leoni Lacroix 1984: 7 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
giganteus Boileau 1911: 428 |
Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru | ||||
| Sphaenognathus higginsi (Parry 1876: 174) (Chiasognathus) | Bolivia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
kolbei Kreische 1919: 94 |
Ecuador | ||||
| syn. S. aequatorius Kreische 1940: 40 | |||||
| syn. S. sanchezi Bartolozzi, Bomans, & Onore 1992: 223 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus lindenii Murray 1857: 221 | Ecuador, Venezuela | ||||
| syn. S. murrayi Thomson 1862: 409 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus mandibularis Boileau 1911: 426 | Colombia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus metallescens DeLisle 1967: 521 | Colombia | ||||
| Sphaenognathus metallifer Bomans & Lacroix 1972: 42 | Ecuador | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
monguilloni Lacroix 1972: 47 |
Peru | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
nobilis Parry 1874: 366 |
Venezuela | ||||
| Sphaenognathus
oberon Kreische 1922: 116 |
Ecuador | ||||
| Sphaenognathus peruvianus (Waterhouse 1869: 18) (Chiasognathus) | Peru, Ecuador | ||||
| syn. S. wallisi Taschenberg 1870: 178 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
prionoides Buquet 1838: 104 |
Peru, Colombia | ||||
| nom. nud. Orthognatus prionoides Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| syn. S. bispinosus Didier 1928: 11 | |||||
| syn. S. spinosus Didier 1928: 11 | |||||
| syn. Orthognathus albofuscus Blanchard 1842: plate 7 | |||||
| syn. S. pristis DeLisle 1970: 91 | |||||
| syn. S. dentifer Lacroix 1972: 33 | |||||
| syn. S. bidentatus Ádám 1986: 15 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus pseudocurvipes Baba 2009: 39 | Argentina | ||||
| Sphaenognathus pubescens Waterhouse 1873: 110 | Colombia, Venezuela | ||||
| syn. S. villosus Ádám 1986: 16 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
rotundatus Lacroix 1987: 12 |
Venezuela | ||||
| Sphaenognathus signatus Parry 1874: 366 | Venezuela | ||||
| syn. S. praestans Jakowleff 1901: 77 | |||||
| syn. S. hemiphanestus DeLisle 1975: 264 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus spinifer Boileau 1904: 284 | Colombia | ||||
| syn. S. lachaumei Lacroix 1984: 5 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus taschenbergi Parry 1874: 368 | Venezuela | ||||
| syn. S. didieri Lacroix 1972: 37 | |||||
| Sphaenognathus
xerophilus Bartolozzi & Onore 2006 : 364 |
Peru | ||||
| FIGULINI Burmeister 1847: 428 | |||||
| syn. Nigidiini Jakobson, 1911: 142 | |||||
| syn. Penichrolucanini Arrow 1950: 233 | |||||
| syn. Brasilucanini Nikolajev 1999: 171 | |||||
| Brasilucanus Vulcano &
Pereira 1961: 473 |
|||||
| Brasilucanus
acomus Ratcliffe 1984: 63 |
Brazil, Peru | ||||
| Brasilucanus
alvarengai Vulcano & Pereira 1961: 475 |
Brazil, Guyana | ||||
| LUCANINI Latreille 1804: 234 | |||||
| syn. Dorcini Parry 1864: 86 | |||||
| syn. Cladognathini Parry 1870: 75 | |||||
| syn. Rhaetulini Miwa 1931: 323 | |||||
| Apterocyclus Waterhouse 1871:315 |
|||||
| Apterocyclus
honoluluensisWaterhouse 1871: 315 |
USA: Hawaii: Kauai | ||||
| syn. Apterocyclus deceptor Sharp in Sharp & Scott, 1908: 405. | |||||
| syn. Apterocyclus feminalisSharp in Sharp & Scott, 1908: 405. | |||||
| syn. Apterocyclus varians Sharp in Sharp & Scott, 1908: 404. | |||||
| Apterocyclus
kawaii Paulsen & Hawks 2014: 85 |
|||||
| Apterocyclus
munroi Sharp in Sharp & Scott 1908: 403 |
|||||
| syn. Apterocyclus adpropinquans Sharp in Sharp & Scott, 1908: 404. | |||||
| Apterocyclus
palmatus Van Dyke 1921: 47 |
USA: Hawaii: Kauai | ||||
| Apterocyclus
waterhousei Sharp in Sharp & Scott 1908: 403 |
USA: Hawaii: Kauai | ||||
| Dorcus MacLeay 1819:195 |
|||||
| Dorcus
brevis (Say 1825: 202) (Lucanus) |
Eastern North America | ||||
| syn. Dorcus caucasicus Ganglbauer 1886: 81 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus nanus Casey 1909: 278 | |||||
| Dorcus
parallelus (Say 1823: 248) (Lucanus) |
Eastern North America | ||||
| syn. Lucanus voeti Schönherr 1817: 326 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus oblongus de Charpentier 1825: 214 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus costatus LeConte 1866: 35 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus carnochani Angell 1916: 70 | |||||
| Lucanus Scopoli 1763:1 |
|||||
| syn. Pseudolucanus Hope in Westwood 1845: 30 | |||||
| syn. Hexaphyllus Mulsant 1839: 119 | |||||
| Lucanus
capreolus (Linnaeus 1763: 391) (Scarabaeus) |
Eastern North America | ||||
| syn. L. dama Fabricius 1775: 2 | |||||
| syn. L. trigonus Thunberg 1806: 199 | |||||
| syn. L. muticus Thunberg 1806: 205 | |||||
| nomen nudum Pseudolucanus capreolus ab. muticus Benesh 1938: 273 | |||||
| Lucanus
elaphus Fabricius 1775: 2 |
Eastern North America | ||||
| nom. nud. L. elaphus ab. carlengi Angell 1916: 70 | |||||
| Lucanus
mazama (LeConte 1861: 345) (Dorcus) |
Western North America | ||||
| nom. nud. Pseudolucanus mazama ab. bicostatus Angell 1916: 70 | |||||
| Lucanus
placidus Say 1825: 202 |
Eastern North America | ||||
| syn. L. lentus Laporte 1840: 171 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. rupicapra Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| PLATYCERINI Mulsant 1842: 593 | |||||
| syn. Systenocerini Portevin 1931: 3 | |||||
| Platycerus Geoffroy 1762:
62 |
|||||
| syn. Systenocerus Wiese 1883: 93 | |||||
| Platycerus
cribripennis Van Dyke 1928: 107 |
USA: California: coastal range | ||||
| Platycerus
depressus LeConte 1850: 224 |
Northeastern USA & Canada | ||||
| unavailable name P. piceus Kirby 1837: 141 (misidentification) | |||||
| nom. nud. P. helopioides Dejean 1836: 194 | |||||
| Platycerus
marginalis Casey 1897: 639 |
Western North America | ||||
| nom. nud. P. marginalis ab. dietrichae Benesh 1960: 15 | |||||
| Platycerus
oregonensis Westwood 1845: cvi |
Western North America | ||||
| syn. P. coerulescens LeConte 1861: 351 | |||||
| syn. P. chalybaeus Casey 1897: 639 | |||||
| Platycerus
quercus (Weber 1801: 85) (Lucanus) |
East & Central USA, Canada | ||||
| misidentification Lucanus virescens Fabricius 1775: 817 (= trogossitid, Temnoscheila virescens) | |||||
| syn. L. securidens Say 1823: 249 | |||||
| syn. P. angustus Casey 1909: 280 | |||||
| syn. P. iowanus Casey 1909: 280 | |||||
| syn. P. peregrinus Casey 1909: 280 | |||||
| nom. nud. P. scaritoides Sturm 1843: 136 | |||||
| nom. nud. P. quercicola Knoch 1868: 961 | |||||
| PLATYCEROIDINI Paulsen and Hawks 2008: 2 | |||||
| Platyceroides Benesh 1946:
175 |
|||||
| subgenus Platyceropsis Benesh 1946: 195 | |||||
| subgenus Praocerus Paulsen 2017: 369 | |||||
| Platyceroides
aeneus (Van Dyke 1928: 109) (Platycerus) |
Western USA | ||||
| Platyceroides agassii (LeConte 1861: 345) (Platycerus) | USA: California | ||||
| misspelling P. agassizii Parry 1870: 114 | |||||
| syn. Platycerus pygmaeus Van Dyke 1946: 88 | |||||
| misspelling P. agassizi Van Roon 1910: 46 | |||||
| Platyceroides barrae Paulsen 2017: 364 | |||||
| Platyceroides californicus (Casey 1885: 331) (Platycerus) | USA: California | ||||
| syn. Platycerus parvicollis Casey 1889: 164 | |||||
| Platyceroides infernus Paulsen 2017: 357 | USA: California | ||||
| Platyceropsis
keeni (Casey 1895: 153) (Platycerus) |
Western North America | ||||
| syn. Platycerus pedicellaris Möllenkamp 1912: 302 | |||||
| USA: Oregon | |||||
| Platyceroides
latus (Fall 1901: 291) (Platycerus) |
USA: California | ||||
| Platyceroides
marshalli Paulsen 2015: 1 |
USA: Oregon | ||||
| Platyceroides
opacus (Fall 1906: 393) (Platycerus) |
USA: California | ||||
| Platyceroides pacificus (Casey 1889: 165) (Platycerus) | USA: California | ||||
| Platyceroides pampinatus Paulsen 2017: 353 | USA: California, Oregon | ||||
| Platyceroides
potax Paulsen 2014: 1 |
USA: California | ||||
| Platyceroides thoracicus (Casey 1895: 154) (Platycerus) | USA: California | ||||
| Platyceroides umpquus Paulsen 2017: 363 | USA: Oregon | ||||
| Platyceroides
viriditinctus (Benesh 1942: 222) (Platycerus) |
USA: Oregon | ||||
| SCLEROSTOMINI Benesh 1955: 97 | |||||
| syn. Lissotini Benesh 1955: 73 | |||||
| syn. Scortizini Benesh 1955: 103 | |||||
| nom.nud. Neoprosopocoilini Maes 1992: 131 (invalid) | |||||
| Aegognathus Leuthner 1883:
445 |
|||||
| Aegognathus
aguirei Arnaud & Bomans 2007: 2 |
Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus
arnaudi Cáceres et al. 2019: 2152 |
Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus caledoniaensis Grossi et al. 2003: 249 | Brazil | ||||
| Aegognathus confusus Arnaud & Bomans 2006a: 4 | Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus
damasoi Arnaud & Bomans 2006c: 2 |
Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus dulima Cáceres et al. 2019: 2150 | Colombia | ||||
| Aegognathus iridicolor Lüderwaldt 1935: 518 | Brazil | ||||
| Aegognathus leuthneri Van der Poll 1886: 153 | Ecuador | ||||
| Aegognathus
similis Arnaud & Bomans 2006a: 5 |
Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus
soulai Arnaud & Bomans 2004: 5 |
Peru | ||||
| Aegognathus
spitzi Ohaus 1929: 155 |
Brazil | ||||
| Aegognathus waterhousei Leuthner 1883: 445 | Peru | ||||
| Altitatiayus Weinreich 1960: 74 |
|||||
| Altitatiayus campoi Grossi & Koike 2011: 2 | Brazil | ||||
| Altitatiayus dulceae (Bomans & Arnaud 2002: 6) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| Altitatiayus
godinhorum (Bomans & Arnaud 1996: 3) (Sclerostomus) |
Brazil | ||||
| Altitatiayus koikei Grossi in Grossi & Almeida 2011: 599 | Brazil | ||||
| Altitatiayus rotundatus (Boileau 1902: 43) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| syn. Sclerognathus zikani Ohaus 1929: 158 | |||||
| Altitatiayus ruficollis (Lüderwaldt 1931: 425) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| Altitatiayus trifurcatus (Grossi & Racca-Filho 2004: 1) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| Andinolucanus Arnaud & Bomans
2006a: 2 |
|||||
| Andinolucanus inesae Arnaud & Bomans 2006a: 3 | Peru | ||||
| Arnaudius Grossi & Bartolozzi
2011: 387 |
|||||
| Arnaudius bomansi Grossi & Bartolozzi 2011: 388 |
Peru | ||||
| Arnaudius digennaroi (Arnaud et al. 2008: 4) |
Peru | ||||
| Arnaudius koikei (Arnaud et al. 2007: 5) |
Peru | ||||
| Apterodorcus
Arrow 1943:
139 |
|||||
| Apterodorcus
bacchus (Hope in Westwood 1845: 26) (Lucanus) |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| nom. nud. Dorcus chilensis Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus bipunctatus F. Philippi 1859: 656 | |||||
| Apterodorcus tristis (Deyrolle in Parry 1870: 95) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| Auxicerus
Waterhouse 1883:
387 |
|||||
| syn. Calodaemon Boileau 1897: 248 | |||||
| Auxicerus
aethiops Jakowlew 1900: 38 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Auxicerus magnipunctatus (Perger et al. 2017: 6) | Bolivia | ||||
| Auxicerus
multicolor (Boileau 1897: 248) (Calodaemon) |
Bolivia | ||||
| Auxicerus
platyceps Waterhouse 1883: 387 |
Peru | ||||
| Caenolethrus Paulsen & Grossi 2009:
26 |
|||||
| Caenolethrus
varasi (Nagel 1932: 115) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| Cantharolethrus
Thomson 1862:
411 |
|||||
| Cantharolethrus
azambrei Boileau 1897: 275 (Lucanus) |
Ecuador, Peru | ||||
| Cantharolethrus buckleyi Parry 1872: 77 | Ecuador | ||||
| Cantharolethrus homoderoides Kreische 1928: 116 | Costa Rica, Nicaragua | ||||
| Cantharolethrus
luxerii luxerii (Buquet 1843: 51) (Dorcus) |
Colombia, Panama | ||||
| syn. Pholidotus reichei Hope 1843: 95 | |||||
| syn. C. georgius Thomson 1862: 412 | |||||
| Cantharolethrus luxerii inflexus Boileau 1899b: 297 | Costa Rica | ||||
| Cantharolethrus peruvianus Heller 1918: 74 | Bolivia, Peru | ||||
| syn. C. elongatus Lacroix 1982: 23 | |||||
| Cantharolethrus
steinheili steinheili Parry 1875: 51 |
Colombia, Ecuador | ||||
| Cantharolethrus steinheili kirchneri Schenk 2017: 6 | Peru | ||||
| Charagmophorus
Waterhouse 1895:
495 |
|||||
| Charagmophorus lineatus eikoae Nagai 2000: 27 | Venezuela | ||||
| Charagmophorus lineatus lineatus Waterhouse 1895: 495 | Brazil | ||||
| Charagmophorus umedai Nagai 1996: 6 | Venezuela | ||||
| Chileistomus Weinreich 1960: 74 |
|||||
| Chileistomus
cucullatus (Blanchard 1842: plate 12) (Lucanus) |
Chile | ||||
| nom nud. Scortizus cornutus Thomson 1862:399 | |||||
| Erichius Maes 1992: 52 |
|||||
| syn. Epipedus Solier 1851: 49; nec Epipedus Spinola 1837 | |||||
| syn. Calvertius Maes 1992: 53 | |||||
| syn. Weinreichiellus Maes 1992: 54 | |||||
| syn. Neoepipedus Ozdikmen & Turgut 2006: 145 | |||||
| Erichius
brevicollis (Benesh 1956: 62) (Pycnosiphorus) |
Chile | ||||
| nom. nud. Sclerognathus brevicollis Germain 1911: 66 | |||||
| Erichius
caelatus (Blanchard 1842: plate 12) (Lucanus) |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. Lucanus variolosus Hope in Westwood 1845: 25 | |||||
| nom. nud. Sclerostomus circumdatus Deyrolle in Parry 1864: 95 | |||||
| nom. nud. Sclerognathus cumingi Hope in Harold 1868: 962 | |||||
| Erichius
calverti (Nagel 1932: 116) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| syn. Pycnosiphorus ariasi Weinreich 1958: 169 | |||||
| nom. nud. Sclerognathus calverti Philippi in Germain 1911: 66 | |||||
| Erichius
costatus (Benesh 1956: 65) (Pycnosiphorus) |
Chile | ||||
| nom.nud. Sclerognathus costatus Germain 1911: 66 | |||||
| Erichius
darwinii (Hope 1841: 302) (Dorcus) |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. Dorcus rufipes Solier 1851: 50 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus spinolae Solier 1851: 52 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus leiocephalus Solier 1851: 53 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus modestus F. Philippi 1859: 657 | |||||
| unjust. emend. Dorcus liocephalus Van Roon 1910: 45 | |||||
| Erichius
fairmairii fairmairii (Parry 1864: 61) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| Erichius
fairmairii arriguttii (Weinreich 1958: 172) (Pycnosiphorus) |
|||||
| Erichius
fasciatus (Germain 1855: 397) (Dorcus) |
Chile | ||||
| Erichius
femoralis (Guérin-Méneville 1839: 303) (Dorcus) |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. Dorcus rufifemoralis Curtis 1845: 456 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus rubripes Hope in Westwood 1845: 26 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus pallidocinctus Fairmaire & Germain 1861: 2 | |||||
| Erichius
franzae (Weinreich 1958: 173) (Pycnosiphorus) |
Chile | ||||
| Erichius
virgatus (Nagel 1928: 290) (Sclerognathus) |
Chile | ||||
| Erichius
vittatus vittatus (Eschscholtz 1822: 9) (Lucanus) |
Chile | ||||
| syn. Lucanus rubrovittatus Blanchard 1842: Plate XII, Figure 9 | |||||
| syn. Dorcus rouleti Solier 1851: 53 | |||||
| Erichius
vittatus magnificus Benesh 1956: 60 |
Chile | ||||
| Erichius
zabulostictus Paulsen 2010: 104 |
Chile | ||||
| Incadorcus
Arnaud & Bomans
2006a: 3 |
|||||
| Incadorcus
ashaninka Grossi 2011: 4 |
Peru | ||||
| Incadorcus
ayamaranus Grossi 2011: 6 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Incadorcus
cuzcoensis Arnaud et al. 2007: 6 |
Peru | ||||
| Incadorcus
damasoi Arnaud & Bomans 2006c: 2 |
Peru | ||||
| Incadorcus
michelleae Arnaud & Bomans 2006b: 2 |
Peru | ||||
| syn. Incadorcus kirchneri Schenk 2006: 3 | |||||
| Incadorcus
paulseni Grossi 2011: 9 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Incadorcus
shaunai Arnaud et al. 2007: 4 |
Peru | ||||
| Incadorcus
zugeri Arnaud & Bomans 2006a: 4 |
Peru | ||||
| Leptinopterus
Hope 1838: 316 |
|||||
| syn. Psalicerus Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| syn. Psalidostomus Burmeister 1847: 377 | |||||
| Leptinopterus
affinis Parry 1872: 80 |
Brazil | ||||
| nom. nud. L. pulchellus Parry 1864: 85 | |||||
| nom. nud. Leptinopterus nitidus ab. lepidus Lüderwaldt 1930: 124 | |||||
| Leptinopterus
asketus Grossi 2009: 37 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
assimilis Grossi 2009: 40 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus atramentarius Nagel 1928: 275 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus bicolor Lüderwaldt 1931: 423 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
burmeisteri Arrow 1943: 135 |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Psalidostomus polyodontus Burmeister 1847: 381 | |||||
| syn. L. nigra Nagel 1924: 401 | |||||
| syn. L. unicolor Lüderwaldt 1935: 503 | |||||
| Leptinopterus
consimilis Möllenkamp 1900: 47 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
constricticollis Heller 1924: 63 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus elegans Jakowleff 1900: 632 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
erythrocnemus (Burmeister 1847: 378) (Psalidostomus) |
Argentina, Brazil | ||||
| syn. Lucanus tibialis Klug 1825: 431 | |||||
| syn. femoratus Thomson 1862: 397 | |||||
| Leptinopterus
femoratus (Olivier 1789: 17) (Lucanus) |
Brazil, Argentina | ||||
| nom. nud. Psalicerus erythrocnemus Dejean 1833:174 | |||||
| nom. nud. Lucanus rufifemoratus Hope in Westwood 1845:5 | |||||
| syn. Leptinopterus lucidus Lüderwaldt 1930: 125 | |||||
| Leptinopterus fraternus Westwood 1874: 359 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
fryi (Parry 1862: 112) (Psalidostomus) |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus gracilipes Didier 1928: 80 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
gracilis Boileau 1899a: 196 |
Brazil | ||||
| nom. nud. Leptinopterus rufipes Lüderwaldt 1930: 126 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. elegans ab. catharinensis Lüderwaldt 1935: 490 | |||||
| Leptinopterus
ibex (Billberg 1820: 382) (Lucanus) |
Brazil | ||||
| nom. nud. Psalicerus aries Dejean 1833:174 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus sarcorhamphus Laporte 1840: 172 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus polyodontus Hope in Westwood 1845: 15 | |||||
| nom. nud. Lucanus complanatus Hope in Westwood 1845:5 | |||||
| nom. nud. Lucanus wilsoni Hope in Westwood 1845:5 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus politus Hope in Westwood 1845: 5 | |||||
| Leptinopterus inaharai Lacroix 1982: 26 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus mazama Kreische 1926: 384 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
melanarius (Hope in Westwood 1845: 15) (Lucanus) |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Lucanus funereus Hope in Westwood 1845: 15 | |||||
| syn. Psalidostomus morio Burmeister 1847: 379 | |||||
| Leptinopterus nigrotibialis Lüderwaldt 1935: 506 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus nitidus Lüderwaldt 1930: 123 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
paranensis Parry 1872: 80 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus pellitomarginatus Lüderwaldt 1930: 125 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus puncticollis Lüderwaldt 1930: 123 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus robustus Lüderwaldt 1930: 127 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
suturalis Lüderwaldt 1930: 125 |
Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
tibialis (Eschscholtz 1822: 5) (Lucanus) |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay | ||||
| syn. L. femoratus Thomson 1862: 397 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. ochraceus Hope MS in Gemminger & Harold 1868: 954 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. ochropterus Hope MS in Gemminger & Harold 1868: 954 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. ochropterus Hope MS in Boileau 1913: 237 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. tibialis ab. fulvus Lüderwaldt 1930: 125 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. tibialis ab. castaneus Lüderwaldt 1930: 125 | |||||
| nom nud. L. tibialis var. bucki Lüderwaldt 1935: 493 | |||||
| syn. L. rotundicollis Lüderwaldt 1930: 124 | |||||
| syn. L. luederwaldti de Moraes in Lüderwaldt 1935: 506 | |||||
| Leptinopterus vestitus Benesh 1937: 111 | Brazil | ||||
| Leptinopterus
v-nigrum (Hope in Westwood 1845: 15) (Lucanus) |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Psalidostomus triangularis Burmeister 1847: 380 | |||||
| nom. nud. L. v-nigrum ab. immaculatus Lüderwaldt 1930: 123 | |||||
| Leptinopterus ypirangensis Lüderwaldt 1930: 126 | Brazil | ||||
| Macrocrates
Burmeister 1847:
381 |
|||||
| Macrocrates australis Lüderwaldt 1934: 388 | Brazil | ||||
| syn. M. bucephala Didier 1933: 25 | |||||
| Macrocrates bucephalus (Westwood 1845: 15) (Lucanus) | Brazil | ||||
| nom. nud. Psalicerus nigripes Dejean 1833: 174 | |||||
| syn. Lucanus longicornis Burmeister 1848: 382 | |||||
| syn. M. rotundicollis Boileau 1913: 237 | |||||
| syn. M. formosus Didier 1926: 83 | |||||
| Macrocrates galantorum Fujii 2012: 15 | Brazil | ||||
| Macrocrates invenireus Fujii 2012: 15 | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus
Kreische 1922:
126 |
|||||
| syn. Beneshius Weinreich 1960: 52 | |||||
| Metadorcinus aku Simoens 2010: | Bolivia | ||||
| Metadorcinus amuelleri (Weinreich 1963: 211) (Beneshius) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus
auritus Kreische 1922: 126 |
Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus beneshi (Martínez 1953: 43) (Sclerostomus) | Colombia, Ecuador, Peru | ||||
| Metadorcinus
buckleyi (Waterhouse 1886: 497) (Sclerostomus) |
Ecuador | ||||
| Metadorcinus cruentus (Burmeister 1847: 425) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| syn. Scortizus cribratus Thomson 1862: 429 | |||||
| syn. Sclerostomus tristis Lüderwaldt 1935: 558 | |||||
| Metadorcinus dentifer (Möllenkamp 1912: 301) (Scortizus) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus ditomoides (Westwood 1855: 208) (Scortizus) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus lineatus (Deyrolle 1864: 319) (Sclerostomus) | Peru | ||||
| Metadorcinus neotragus (Westwood 1855: 207) (Scortizus) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus plagiatus (Burmeister 1847: 425) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| syn. Sclerostomus hastatus Westwood 1855: 205 | |||||
| Metadorcinus ranki Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello 2007: 50 | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus securiformis (Lüderwaldt 1934: 389) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus signatipennis (Deyrolle 1864: 319) (Sclerostomus) | Brazil | ||||
| Metadorcinus sylviae Boucher (1993: 420) (Beneshius) | Bolivia | ||||
| Metadorcinus tucumanus (Nagel 1932: 119) (Sclerostomus) | Argentina | ||||
| Metadorcinus yamauchii Arnaud et al. 2008: 4 | Peru | ||||
| Metadorcus
Parry 1870:
88 |
|||||
| syn. Colocephalaria Deyrolle 1864: 317 | |||||
| Metadorcus ebeninus Deyrolle 1864: 317 (Platycerus) | Brazil or Peru | ||||
| Metadorcus rotundatus Parry 1862: 112 (Psalidostomus) | Brazil, Uruguay | ||||
| nom. nud. M. pachygnathus Parry 1864: 86 | |||||
| Montesinus Grossi 2016:
219 |
|||||
| Montesinus machadoi Grossi 2016: 228 | Brazil | ||||
| Montesinus monnei Grossi 2016: 226 | Brazil | ||||
| Montesinus tatula Grossi 2016: 227 | Brazil | ||||
| Onorelucanus
Bartolozzi &
Bomans 1989 : 53 |
|||||
| syn. Pseudoscortizus Arnaud et al. 2008: 2 | |||||
| Onorelucanus
aequatorianus Bartolozzi & Bomans 1989: 55 |
Ecuador | ||||
| Onorelucanus
boileaui (Weinreich 1960: 81)(Sclerostomus) |
Peru | ||||
| Onorelucanus
incredibilis (Arnaud et al. 2008: 3) |
Peru | ||||
| Onorelucanus
marujae (Arnaud et al. 2008: 5)(Sclerostomus) |
Peru | ||||
| Onorelucanus
nigrosuturalis (Weinreich 1963: 196)(Aegognathus) |
Ecuador | ||||
| Onorelucanus
noguchii (Arnaud & Bomans 2007: 3)(Sclerostomus) |
Peru | ||||
| Onorelucanus onorei Lacroix & Bartolozzi 1989: 2 | Ecuador | ||||
| Onorelucanus
pulverosus (Westwood 1875: 243)(Scortizus) |
Ecuador, Colombia? | ||||
| syn. Scortizus ismaeli Fukinuki 2004: 32 | |||||
| Onorelucanus
rufolineatus (Nagel 1928: 257)(Metadorcus) |
Ecuador | ||||
| Pycnosiphorus
Solier 1851:
56 |
|||||
| Pycnosiphorus
lessonii lessonii (Buquet 1842: 283) (Lucanus) |
Chile | ||||
| Pycnosiphorus
lessonii elongatus (Deyrolle in Parry 1870: 96) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| Pycnosiphorus
lessonii marginipennis Deyrolle in Parry 1870: 95 |
Chile, Argentina | ||||
| syn. Pycnosiphorus pulcher Landin 1955: 4 | |||||
| Pycnosiphorus
lessonii mandibularis (Solier 1851: 56) (Dorcus) |
Chile | ||||
| syn. Pycnosiphorus germaini Numhauser 1985: 71 | |||||
| Pycnosiphorus
lessonii ugartei Paulsen 2010: 122 |
Chile | ||||
| Pycnosiphorus
philippi (Westwood 1864: 61) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| syn. Pycnosiphorus westwoodi Numhauser 1985: 71 | |||||
| Sclerostomulus Weinreich 1960: 85 |
|||||
| Sclerostomulus
nitidus (Benesh 1955: 99) (Sclerostomus) |
Chile | ||||
| Sclerostomulus
tuberculatus (Solier 1851: 54) (Dorcus) |
Chile | ||||
| Sclerostomus
Burmeister 1847:
423 |
|||||
| syn. Sclerognathus Westwood 1845: 26 | |||||
| syn. Hemicardanus Heller 1927: 213 | |||||
| syn. Sclerostominus Weinreich 1960: 85 | |||||
| subgenus Stomosclerus Weinreich 1960: 82 | |||||
| Sclerostomus bartolozzii Arnaud & Bomans 2007: 3 | Peru | ||||
| Sclerostomus costatus (Westwood 1845: 27) (Sclerognathus) | Argentina, Brazil | ||||
| nom. nud. Psalicerus cuniculus Dejean 1833: 1874 | |||||
| syn. Scortizus cuniculus Thomson 1862: 429 | |||||
| syn. Hemicardanus interruptocarinulatus Heller 1927: 213 | |||||
| Sclerostomus damasoi Arnaud & Bomans 2006c: 3 | Peru | ||||
| Sclerostomus delislei Weinreich 1961: 433 | Brazil | ||||
| Sclerostomus
gounellei (Boileau 1899b: 299) (Scortizus) |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Sclerostomus denticulatus Lüderwaldt 1934: 388 | |||||
| Sclerostomus
sulcicollis (Möllenkamp 1912: 301) (Scortizus) |
Argentina, Brazil | ||||
| syn. Sclerostomus costatus genalis Lüderwaldt 1935: 541 | |||||
| Sclerostomus truncatus Lüderwaldt 1935: 551 | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay | ||||
| Sclerostomus wendyae Arnaud & Bomans 2006b: 3 | Peru | ||||
| syn. Sclerostomus kirchneri Schenk 2006: 1 | |||||
| Scortizus
Westwood 1834:
119 |
|||||
| Scortizus
maculatus (Klug 1825: 432) (Lucanus) |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Pholidotus irroratus Hope 1835: 100 | |||||
| Scortizus prodigiosus Arnaud et al. 2007: 2 | Peru | ||||
| Scortizus signatus Weinreich 1963: 206 | Bolivia | ||||
| Scortizus
zischkai Martínez 1957: 225 |
Bolivia | ||||
| Zikanius Grossi & Paulsen 2009:
33 |
|||||
| Zikanius
aurocinctus (Boileau 1899b: 298)(Sclerostomus) |
Brazil | ||||
| syn. Sclerostomus marginivillosus Lüderwaldt 1935: 535 | |||||
REFERENCES
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Didier, R. and E. Séguy. 1953. Catalogue illustré des lucanides du globe, Texte. Encyclopédie Entomologique (series A) 27: 1-223.
Fujita, H. 2010. The Lucanid beetles of the world. Mushi-Sha's iconographic series of insects, 6. 472 pp. + 248 plates.
Grossi, P.C. 2011. Review of Incadorcus Arnaud & Bomans with the description of three new species from the Yungas of Peru and Bolivia (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) Zootaxa 2750: 1–14.
Grossi, P.C., and M.J. Paulsen. 2009. Generic limits in South American stag beetles: taxa currently misplaced in Sclerostomus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Sclerostomini). Zootaxa 2139: 23-42.
Holloway, B.A. 1960. Taxonomy and phylogeny in the Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Records of the Dominion Museum 3: 321-365.
Holloway, B.A. 1968. The relationship of Syndesus MacLeay and Sinodendron Schneider (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). New Zealand Journal of Science 11: 264-269.
Holloway, B.A. 1969. Further studies on generic relationships in Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with special reference to the ocular canthus. New Zealand Journal of Science 12: 958-977.
Holloway, B.A. 1997. Elytral surface structures as indicators of relationships in stag beetles, with special reference to the New Zealand species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 24: 47-64.
Holloway, B.A. 1998. A re-evaluation of the genera of New Zealand aesaline stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 641-656.
Howden, H. and Lawrence, J.H. 1974. The New World Aesalinae, with notes on the North American lucanid subfamilies (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 52: 1505-1510.
Kikuta, T. 1986. On the higher taxa of the stag beetle family Lucanidae, pp. 131-138. In: J. Aoki (editor). Papers on Entomology Presented to Professor Takeshiko Nakane in Commemoration of His Retirement. Japanese Society of Coleopterology, Tokyo. 277 pp.
Krajcik, M. 2001. Lucanidae of the World, Catalogue – Part 1, Checklist of the stag beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). M. Krajcik, Most, Czech Republic. 108 pp.
Lawrence, J.F. and E.B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (Beetles). pp. 543-683. In: I. Naumann, (editor). The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers, 2nd Edition Vol. II. (CSIRO) Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 1137 pp.
Maes, J.-M. 1992. Lista de los Lucanidae (Coleoptera) del mundo. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia No. 22: 1-121.
Paulsen, M.J. 2010. The stag beetles of southern South America (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Bulletin of University of Nebraska State Museum 24: 1-148. Available here.
Paulsen, MJ. 2017. Correction of existing generic and species concepts in Platyceroidini (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) and the description of four new species of Platyceroides Benesh. 4269 (3): 346-378.
Paulsen, M.J. and D.C. Hawks. 2014. A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 433: 77–88.
Smith, A.B.T. 2006. A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections to nomenclature and a current classification. Coleopterists Bulletin 60: 144-204.
Triplehorn, C.A. & N.F. Johnson. 2005. Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA. 864 pp.
White, R.E. 1983. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA. 368 pp
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